The airline industry and its deregulation - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk about aboutThe aircraft industry and its deregulation. Answer: Presentation The report helps in breaking down the diverse key powers that are having tremendous impact on the Virgin Airlines that is one of the organizations of the whole Virgin Group of Companies. The Porters Five Forces examination is required to be accomplished for the Virgin Airlines in understanding the new contestants, purchasers, substitutes and rivals in the market. The principle point and reason for the report is to comprehend whether the choices referenced in the separate contextual investigation are non-modified or customized. The conventional techniques must be broke down, as this will help in understanding the various issues that are showing up the organization. The structure of the report incorporates legitimate SWOT, PESTLE, and Porters Five Forces examination, as this will help in breaking down the issues in a successful way. Examination of the key powers in the general condition The large scale condition is depicted with the assistance of PESTEL examination that helps in investigating the drawn out impacts. This is outstanding amongst other logical instruments in breaking down the outside condition of Virgin Airlines for getting decrease or development in the market (VirginAmerica.com's New Look, 2018). It helps in comprehension and distinguishing the diverse political, lawful, financial, ecological, social and mechanical impacts for the whole business condition. Political is one the components that help in understanding the political effect on the whole Virgin carriers. In the year 2016, the Virgin Atlantic has worked in world of politics that was trying in nature (Suki, 2014). This was portrayed by various sort of fear monger assaults in various goal key markets, for example, Brussels, Nice and Paris. The greatest stun politically was Brexit that happened in the period of June in the year 2016wherein Britain casted a ballot to leave EU and there were immense vulnerability in the whole economy of United Kingdom (Daft Albers, 2015). There are diverse potential ramifications that included administrative compliances wherein there were no future arrangement too. Moreover, the whole development of the Heathrow post Brexit will help in permitting bearers, for example, Virgin Atlantic as this will offer distinctive non-stop trips in such a way, that included 40 new urban areas too (Zou, Elke, Hansen Kafle, 2014). Financial is another natural wherein the whole vulnerability following Brexit has monetary effect on various British Airlines that included Virgin Atlantic. As per the distinctive yearly reports, as there was a drop in the Pound Sterling worth, the incomes that is produced by Virgin Atlantic in the USA was adversely affected as the biggest costs of the Virgin Airlines are in dollars and the incomes are in pounds. It has been seen that there was gigantic effect on the budgetary aftereffects of the organization that was negative in nature adding up to 50million in spite of various supporting benefits (Ognyanova Ball-Rokeach, 2015). Social condition is another examination wherein in the pinnacle period of summer in 2016, it was hard for Virgin Airlines to work in a viable way. There were number of association strikes of ATC that has hit France in the year 2016, as there was social agitation over arrangement of various work changes that was contested in nature (Misopoulos, Mitic, Kapoulas Karapiperis, 2014). This has influenced distinctive wiping out of trips of Virgin Atlantic Airlines to and over France. In the year 2017, a five-day strike has influenced the various departures from UK and Virgin Atlantic alongside different carriers had created activity plan so as to limit the various strikes in ATC on the various travelers (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). Innovative condition is another part wherein the whole carrier industry is experiencing interruption carefully. The advanced advances are changing the whole structure of cost of the aircraft business empowering new contestants that are WOW Air, so as to utilize the computerized innovation to disturb the transporters of the inheritance, for example, Virgin Atlantic (Dai, Liu Serfes, 2014). The Virgin Airlines has put resources into the IT frameworks, for example, team tablet gadgets, as this will assist the chiefs with delivering customized and consistent administrations to the travelers. The separate aircrafts will help in limiting the disturbances carefully while exploiting the innovation. Legitimate condition is another segment, wherein in the long stretch of December 2016, the pilots of Virgin Atlantic chose so as to make a move modernly in line over acknowledgment of association after the association of the pilots. The association of the expert pilots helped in speaking to over 75% of the virgins in excess of 900 pilots that requested to be exclusively perceived sort of association for the pilots just as for British Airline Pilots Association to be derecognized (Wiman, Walton, Shearer, Rondon Lee, 2015). Ecological is one part wherein Virgin Atlantic Airlines confronted supported operational sort of interruption in such a way, that caused because of the distinctive climate disturbances. Because of the rainstorms in the South East England, it has prompted diverse cancelations for the whole aircraft industry that included Virgin Airlines too (Mills, 2017). Five Forces examination of Virgin Airlines Contention among the various contenders is one the five powers wherein it tends to be seen that Virgin Atlantic Airlines has various contenders who have entered so as to pick up benefit of the separate carriers. The whole aircraft industry doesn't pick up benefits all the time, it has halted various contenders to go into the market and the opposition is high in nature too (Lee Leskey, 2015). The passage just as leave obstructions for the whole avionics industry is very high in nature as this has been seen that there is immense measure of capital required for going into the segment. There are generally not many rivals in the market for Virgin Atlantic Airlines and this has made and constrained rivalry also. The quantity of rivals in the whole carrier industry is less and Virgin Atlantic Airlines has taken gigantic space in the whole aircraft industry (Han Hwang, 2017). Dealing intensity of the Buyers is wherein the customers or purchasers hold enormous force because of more noteworthy arrangement of dissemination (Heizer, 2016). There are various channels wherein the tickets are reserved wherein the purchasing behaviors or the force has affected the Virgin Atlantic, as there are immense quantities of decisions accessible as far as various charges. The online arrangement of booking has helped in giving various alternatives to the clients for booking tickets. The item is imperative to the various clients, as this will help in breaking down the whole volume that is required to be broke down in the carrier organization (Grant, 2016). Haggling intensity of Suppliers is one of the parts wherein the providers of the airplanes are Boeing and Airbus. There are various providers including the ones who make save parts and thinking about that the whole aircraft industry has no such bearers as it will rule itself from terms of providers (Kaynak Kucukemiroglu, 2015). The intensity of the providers is getting low in nature as far as the expense of fills that is an exceptional item where purchasers are taken as positive item for the whole organization. The providers must be remembered in such a way, that this will help in investigating that providers is important in nature and this will help in examining the low grouping of the providers (Rezaei, Fahim Tavasszy, 2014). Dangers from the section of new contestants is another power wherein Virgin Airlines faces harder outside condition and this has made difficult for the various participants to have a spot in the whole serious market. Moreover, yet once a specific organization has gone into the business, it can ascend to the pinnacle or decrease in the situation of the contestants. Legitimate high prerequisites of capital is fundamental in nature as this aides in understanding the various dangers from the contenders who are attempting to increase such benefit from the Virgin Atlantic Airlines. There are various clients who are faithful to various different brands and this can influence the Virgin Airlines to endure and this will be influencing the whole misfortune to the particular aircraft organization. Substitute of existing items is another segment wherein there are no such dangers for Virgin Atlantic Airlines. The principle need of the Virgin Atlantic is the clients who decided to go via air (Snider Williams, 2015). As there is continuous downturn, there are various organizations are using these alternatives, for example, media transmission just as virtual gatherings as this will maintain a strategic distance from movement and keep on working. The other substitute organizations or carrier organizations are of low quality and principles and this will be quality for the Virgin Airlines too. There is set number of substitutes in the whole market, as this will help in increasing gigantic upper hand in the market (Williams, 2017). SWOT investigation of Virgin Airlines A legitimate SWOT examination of the Virgin Airlines helped in investigating the various qualities and shortcomings that is looked by the Virgin Airlines. The SWOT examination helps in understanding the interior and outer presentation and circumstances. Qualities Virgin Atlantic Airlines appreciates brand notoriety that is solid in nature and this was positioned 6th in the review of the best carriers. Virgin Airlines has been appraised as one of the top aircrafts in the whole carrier industry The armada has been modernized in nature The Virgin Airlines has been granted as the best lodge team from Airlineratings.com The new VHQ home office has been opened in the period of September Virgin Airlines has propelled AIR4, Virgin Atlantics change mechanically throughout the entire existence of the organization Shortcomings There has been substantial dependence on the character o

Math Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Math - Essay Example As it were, they are emphatically corresponded. Notwithstanding, note that a portion of the information demonstrate that at certain degrees of pay ($ 52,000 and $ 66,000), the sum spent on vehicles decline when contrasted with lower levels ($ 38,000 and $ 40,000). There are a couple of more qualities which contrast from the rest. In any case, a large portion of the information demonstrate that the relationship is certain. The Correlation coefficient is certain affirming the positive relationship between the two factors. Likewise, the estimation of the coefficient is 0.89 which shows a solid connection between the two factors. B. What is the bearing of causality in this relationship - for example does having an increasingly costly vehicle get you procure more cash-flow, or does gaining more cash cause you to spend more on your vehicle? As it were, characterize one of these factors as your needy variable (Y) and one as your free factor (X). So as to recognize the heading of causality, the two factors are broke down impartially. At the point when an individual spends more cash on the vehicle, it doesn't have any impact on his pay. Henceforth it is clear that the sum spent on the vehicle doesn't influence or have an effect on the yearly salary of the individual. Be that as it may, when a person’s yearly pay expands, he is bound to spend higher on the vehicle. As it were, yearly pay is the reason and the sum spent on vehicle is the impact. Subsequently the yearly pay is the autonomous variable (X) and the sum spent on the vehicle is the needy variable (Y). The sum spent on the vehicle (Y) relies upon the yearly pay (X). C. What technique do you think would be best for testing the connection between your reliant and autonomous variable, ANOVA or relapse? Clarify your thinking altogether with a conversation of the two strategies. Relationship builds up the relationship between two factors, anyway doesn't demonstrate the bearing of causation

What Does It Mean to Go on a Bender

What Does It Mean to Go on a Bender Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Print Your Body on an Alcoholic Bender By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on September 17, 2019 Marco Di Lauro  / Stringer  / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Going on a Bender Binge Drinking vs. Bender What Happens to Your Body When to Get Help View All Back To Top What is a bender? This slang term can mean a drug party, an extended period of continued drug use. An alcoholic bender is a multiple-day drinking spree during which the person does not eat and gets very little sleep. If youre on a bender, you might pass out for a short time, wake up and start drinking again. Going on a Bender An alcoholic bender does not refer to one evening of intoxication. It refers to a drinking spree that is extended over at least two nights. But some definitions insist that in order to be a true bender, the drinking spree has to last at least three days. Why three days? Because a weekend is two days and there are many drinkers who drink all weekend. Going that third day, and possibly missing work or school day, makes the drinking spree a self-destructive bender, rather than just another lost weekend. During a bender, the drinker typically begins drinking as soon as he wakes up, continues drinking until he passes out again, then wakes up and repeats the cycle. The origin of the use of the term bender to refer to an extended bout of drinking alcohol is not certain. Some historians think it may refer to the act of bending ones elbow to take a drink, while others believe it is associated with the phrase getting bent out of shape. Binge Drinking vs. Bender Sometimes the term binge drinking is confused with bender. Some people believe that warnings against binge drinking are warning against going on multiple day bout of intoxication, but that is not what binge drinking is at all. Binge drinking is drinking five or more drinks in any one drinking session for men, or four or more drinks a day for women.?? Harmful drinking can occur long before it reaches the level of a bender. While going on a bender might be considered self-destructive behavior, simply drinking five beers or a bottle of wine in one day is considered hazardous drinking. How Much Alcohol Is Safe to Drink Per Day? What Happens to Your Body Whether you are binging or going on a bender, your life and health arent being done any favors. Both are destructive and unhealthy. Drinking for three days certainly takes a toll on your brain and body, including inflammation, nausea, racing heart, and some pretty severe hangover symptoms.?? The Symptoms of a Hangover Researchers attribute these effects to excess acetaldehyde (one of the byproducts your liver pumps out after breaking down alcohol) that travels through your blood to your brain, heart, and stomach when drinking heavily.?? When you go on a bender, you are not giving your liver anytime to recovery. You are also putting yourself at risk of the following health concerns:?? Nutritional deficienciesDehydration and electrolyte imbalanceGastrointestinal issuesLow blood sugarSleep disturbancesBlack-outsHeart diseaseLiver diseaseStrokeAlcohol use disorderAlcohol withdrawalAcute alcohol poisoning Signs to Call 911 Knowing the signs of alcohol use poisoning and calling 911 immediately can help you save someones life.ConfusionVomitingKeeps passing outSeizuresSlow heart rateNo gag reflex (which prevents choking when vomiting)Extremely low body temperature or clammy or blue-tinged skin Slow or irregular breathing (10 seconds or more between any two breaths)Vomiting while passed out without waking up during or after vomiting When to Get Help If your continuous drinking or drugging session goes bad, you may end up committing or being the victim of assault, destroying property, or finally wake up in jail, perhaps with little memory of what transpired. A three-day bender that results in missing work or shirking other duties can be especially destructive to your reputation. It may be a wake-up call to others that you have a drinking problem and may soon be hitting bottom. What Hitting Bottom Means for an Alcoholic Frequent benders may be a sign of an alcohol use disorder.?? If you habitually drink in excess for consecutive days, you may want to  take an online quiz  to see if your drinking has reached  the level of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence. If you find that you have developed a problem with alcohol, help is available. Dont wait until its too late. Reaching out to a trusted family member or friend or health care provider is a great first step on the road to recovery.

The Most Amazing Deserts in Africa

Diabetes Mellitus A World Health Organization - 1987 Words

Diabetes Mellitus Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is an ever growing disease that is impacting approximately 29 million Americans and approximately 371 million people around the world. Approximately one-third of the people estimated to have some form of diabetes have not yet been diagnosed. This is leading to complications and even death due to lack of treatment. Diabetes is a world health issue and is quickly moving up the scale with regards to cause of death. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes it will become the 7th leading cause of death by 2030 and estimate that total deaths will rise more than 50% over the next 10 years(371 million people have diabetes globally). This disease is quietly becoming the leading killer of, not only Americans, but the entire world and needs to be addressed aggressively before it gets out of hand and the costs become too great. In order to understand the impact of this disease we need to understand what diabetes is. It is very important to know what the different typ es are, who is affected, what the complications are, how to treat it, and even what is being done to find a cure. Diabetes mellitus is a complex group of diseases that can be caused by a number of reasons. The name â€Å"diabetes mellitus† translates to â€Å"sweet urine† because in ancient times the method of diagnosis was for the physician to drink the patient’s urine. The sweeter the urine translated to a higher glucose level. Normally when you eat food the stomachShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion For Age Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Promotion for Age-Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common health challenges world-wide, especially in older adults. In this paper, I am going to delve into how health promotion can be a significant factor in reducing the risks of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the aforementioned demographic. 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Offer and Acceptance Free Essays

For a Simple contract to be valid one party must make an offer and the other accept it (see: Acceptance of offer). The offer will usually indicate the form the acceptance should take (e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Offer and Acceptance or any similar topic only for you Order Now , in writing, by post), and may indicate when the acceptance will be deemed to have occurred (e. g. , on delivery of the posted acceptance, see: Acceptance of offer by post). In seeking to prove that a contract was in existence, it will be necessary to show that there was a definite offer. Certain things look like offers, but aren’t always what they seem. Here are some examples. Invitations to treat are not offers (see: Invitation to treat). For example, putting an item on display in a shop window with a price label is not an offer, it is merely an invitation to treat. Pre-contractual negotiations, particularly in Conveyancing, may have the appearance of offers, but it will be necessary to satisfy the courts that a real offer has been made. Tenders (see: Tender) are not offers unless they are construed as a Unilateral contract. An offer can be withdrawn (revoked) at any time up to acceptance, provided it is communicated appropriately to the offeree. There are a few of complications with this. Placing a notice of the withdrawal in the post does not constitute the withdrawal; it has to be received and understood by the offeree (see: Byrne vvan tienhov en (1880)). If the offer forms the basis for a unilateral contract, it can be difficult to revoke. Typically the offerer must take reasonable steps to revoke the offer in the same form as it was originally made. For example, if the offer was made in a newspaper, then it should probably be revoked the same way. Moreover, it is particularly problematic if a unilateral offer is revoked before full completion of the act that constitutes the acceptance. In Carlill v Carbolic, for example (see: Carlill v carbolic smoke ball co (1893)), Mrs Carlill was able to demonstrate that she had completed the acceptance, so Carbolic could not have escaped its obligations be revoking the offer. However, suppose Mrs Carlill had started using the Smoke Ball, and written to Carbolic expressing her wish to claim the compensation if it failed. If Carbolic had withdrawn the offer at that time, could the agreement be enforced? There is no clear ruling on this; the decision in Errington v Errington sees to imply that once the acceptors consideration is executory (that is, Mrs Carlill has begun using the Smoke Ball), then the offer cannot be revoked (see: Errington v errington (1951)). There are, however, some cases with the opposite conclusion. An offer may be self-terminating if the terms of the offer include, for example, a time limit for acceptance. If no time limit is given, an offer may be deemed by the courts to have expired after a ‘reasonable time’. This will be the case even if the offerers have not explicitly revoked the offer. The death of either the offerer or offeree, prior to acceptance, probably constitutes a revocation of the offer. How to cite Offer and Acceptance, Papers

Dolphins Essay Research Paper Some people claim free essay sample

Dolphinfishs Essay, Research Paper Some people claim that mahimahis and giants communicate in such a manner that it is really similar to human address. An analysis will be coucted to find if there is more similarity or difference between these animate beings and worlds. Dolphinfishs are aquatic mammals closely related to giants. They aresleek and powerful swimers. They can be found in all seas around the universe. It is interesting to indicate out that they pass about 99 % of their clip on the H2O. This affects their consiouness. It means that they have strong feelings and wiilpower. These animate beings have the ability of swimming at velocities of up to 30 kilometers per hr. Their lungs are adapted to defy the physical jobs created by rapid alterations in preassure. another feature of mahimahis is that they eat an sum of nutrient, largely fish and calamari, equevalent to about one tierce of their weight. We will write a custom essay sample on Dolphins Essay Research Paper Some people claim or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dolphinfishs can larn and retrieve things, wether the information arrives throuh their ears or eyes. They can besides separate different points and understand a visually based gestural linguistic communication. They see good both under H2O and in air. Howevwer, dolphins vision is better at distances greather than one metre. In H2O their vision is best at distances of less than a metre. Neve rless, they don # 8217 ; T seened to posses true colour vision. Dolphinfishs can bring forth a broad assortment of sounds incliding clicking and whistlings. They communicate with each other under H2O, and their sounds in the air are attemps to talk with people. They besides sed out calls and warning signals. It represents a behavior similar to the human existences. In the carnal land, mahimahis are the best users and percipients of sound. They are able to acknowledge different tunes and sounds. Their voice is produced by coercing air back an Forth between air pouchs inside their organic structures. Without this communicating and mutuality they would hold dissapeared from the planet, holding joined the dinosaurs as an nonextant coinage, among others. The voice of the mahimahis in air is like the worlds. They can articulate vowels, but have troubles with consonants. This state of affairs means that they havea voice that sometimes could be perceived as a human voice. Dolphinfishs know that certains gestures and sounds typify a peculiar bid, and they ever want to understand it. These animate beings have a encephalon larger than a human. Several surveies have shown that mahimahis have an intelligence that is really competitory versus homo. e-mail me at a_coolguy56 @ yahoo.com

20 Best Christmas Gifts for Students with Imagination

20 Best Christmas Gifts for Students with Imagination 20 Best Christmas Gifts for Students with Imagination Christmas is the time of giving. People around the world spend lots of time, effort, and money to give out to the less fortunate and to their loved ones. And for some students, it means saving enough cash from their allowances and think of imaginative ideas to utilize their budget. Giving Christmas gifts doesn’t mean spending loads of cash on a Christmas present. There are numerous gift ideas for your loved ones, which are creative and personal. Here are 20 examples of best Christmas gifts for students with imagination: 1. DIY pillow cases Are you thinking of something special to give your parents? And get really tired whenever your mom spends loads of time in the department looking for the perfect red and green pillow case this Christmas? Lastly, are you a creative person who enjoys do-it-yourself or DIY projects? This is one the best gift ideas for you. Why? It will save you from spending too much on one gift It is something personal and chances are your mom will appreciate it You will spend more time doing something you like What you need are the following: A meter or yard of plain cloth with any fabric you like, zipper or buttons, and needle and thread. And if you feel like decorating it, you may do so with cross-stitch patterns or embroidery. 2.   A sweet letter One of the best gifts anyone can get are personal letters written from the heart. First, you won’t have to spend anything but a decorative paper and a pen. Think of it as a Christmas writing discount where you improve your skill in writing and become a better writer. Here are some thoughts and guidelines if you wish to pursue this idea: Think of your letter as educational writing. You need to put it time and effort to impress your professor, and in this case your parents or loved ones. This kind of Christmas present can be as personal as you want it to be. Remember the fundamentals of writing like a good introduction, a heartfelt body, and a strong conclusion. And here I say, you’re welcome. Christmas writing is fun. And if you do not have can hire essay writers online and get a Christmas writing discount 3. A video editorial This type of Christmas present is best fit for students who are into film and any related field. You can edit old homemade videos and present it on Christmas day 4. Dough sets for your niece Thinking of creative gift ideas for your cousins and niece? Dough sets maybe the smartest choice. Why? Kids learn creativity and explore new shapes and sizes. 5. Journals or organizers Having a hard time buying gifts for students? Go for the usual journal or organizer. Students sometimes are having a hard time managing their time with all the requirements in school.. If you give them an organizer, they can now schedule their daily errands. Furthermore, if you give a student a journal, he can put to words and in detail all his or her experience in school. 6. Printed socks There are various companies who sell printed socks. It’s very out in the market, meaning you won’t have a hard time finding them. They’re available in different colors, patterns, and sizes. 7. Pencil cases A pencil case is a good gift idea if you’re thinking of a gift for a writers or students who have a collection of color pens, highlighters, and pencils. They now come in different shapes and styles. You can give the usual pencil you used to bring to school in junior high or a leather roll-up pencil case for a more professional look. 8. Ballpen set So there’s something to put in your pencil case. 9. Notepads Sticky notes have been in our lives for a long time and it’s not going to be obsolete even in today’s age of technology. It’s a thoughtful gift and also imaginative. 10. A selection of how-to guides for DIY artists This is a perfect gift for imaginative individuals who enjoy making DIY. 11. Running shoes Imaginative students also need to have a healthy lifestyle. 12. New clothes Buying clothes is an obvious choice for gifts. And young creative minds sometimes forget to dress up because of they are pre-occupied with all their projects they have to accomplish. Most imaginative individuals tend to wear the same style on a daily basis because it saves them the time and effort to think of their wardrobe. This is a good option because you already know what they want. If he or she wears a lot of black, buy a black shirt. This idea saves you the time and the possibility of committing a mistake. 13. Set of pencils Pencils have a variety of shades and function. If you’re giving a gift for someone who is into arts, giving him or her new set of pencils is a great option. 14. A witty mug This is probably the perfect gift for people who loves drinking coffee. There are a lot of options in the market. You can give a mug with pop arts designs or a witty statement that reflects his or her personality. 15. A spa gift certificate Buying gifts for students can sometimes be a painful task. The best gift for hard working students is something that will release them from all the stress through a nice day at the spa. 16. A good novel Reading is both fun and informative. 17. Foot rest This gift idea is perfect for writers who are glued to their couch thinking of the next great love story. 18. Pencil holder This gift idea is perfect for writers who are glued to their couch who writes all their next great ideas. 19. Typewriter This is a good idea for writers who can take a good pun. It’s traditional and retro! 20. Calligraphy writing set A calligraphy set is a great idea for students who have a penchant for writing. They can use it to practice their handwriting or even write an entire book using this just like some of the greatest writers who have walked this earth.

‘Toads’ and ‘Toads Revisited’ Comparison Essay Essay Example

‘Toads’ and ‘Toads Revisited’ Comparison Essay Essay Example ‘Toads’ and ‘Toads Revisited’ Comparison Essay Paper ‘Toads’ and ‘Toads Revisited’ Comparison Essay Paper Essay Topic: The Visit Frogs and Toads Revisited are poems in Philip Larkin’s aggregation that describes both the fringe benefits and loads of a work life. Larkin’s position of work in ‘Toads’ is seen as a heavy burden whereas in ‘Toads Revisited’ . it is seen as something that keeps him occupied and helps him though life. ‘Toads Revisited’ was written after Larkin became a steadfastly established main bibliothec of the Hull Library and he had no farther to travel because he had already reached the top place. His attitude to work had undergone elusive alterations from eight old ages ago to Toads Revisited. In this verse form. Larkin has managed to get away from the humdrum of his desk. possibly during tiffin or interruption. He takes a walk around the park where he observes and sees more than he expects which triggers memories of the frog that used to crouch on him. Written eight old ages apart. the two verse forms reflect a sense of solitariness combine d with the alteration in Larkin’s attitude towards work and how it helped him subsequently in life instead than impede him. In ‘Toads’ . Larkin opens with a rhetorical inquiry with an image of an unpleasant frog crouching on his life. ‘Squatting’ is an unworldly and an about crude place to be in. Larkin compares the work burden he gets with a ‘toad’ which squats on his life as if to stool on him and ‘waste’ his clip. The usage of a simile in utilizing his ‘wit as a pitchfork’ suggests an thought of jabing to toad to seek and acquire it to travel from his life. The frog is described as a ‘brute’ who bullies him by giving him tonss of work merely to do his life miserable. The thought of him working six yearss a hebdomad and merely holding one twenty-four hours off for remainder indicates how this was a long clip ago where people worked longer. The sibilance in the first two lines of the 2nd stanza suggests a hushing sound over his life and the craft of the frog. The dash indicates a sudden arrest where he contemplates the fact that he has been poisoned with work by this frog. Juxtaposition is incorporated in the 2nd stanza. Larkin refers to ‘toads’ . ‘pitchforks’ and ‘poison’ which relate to a supernatural presence and are associated with witchery. However. he so goes on to province ‘paying a few bills’ which returns the descriptions back to world. The exclaiming grade illustrates Larkin’s aggravation over how on the job incredibly difficult six yearss a hebdomad is non deserving ‘paying a few bills’ . Larkin describes this as ‘out of proportion’ . Larkin’s drama on the initial rhyme of ‘L’ in the 3rd stanza somehow makes the stanza sound farcical. The usage of lists that Larkin uses suggests how there’s a batch of people in the universe who rely on their common sense to gain a life. He himself writes poesy which is a contrast and he mocks the Hull University ‘lecturers’ . They do non needfully make anything. they merely have to talk and distribute the word to gain money. Peoples who are ‘louts’ and unworldly. uneducated bully neer stop up as ‘paupers’ . They ever tend to hold adequate money to feed themselves and a household without holding a frog crouching over their life. Larkin compares this to his ain life where he doesn’t merely rely on his ‘wits’ to gain a life but still has a ‘toad’ that sits on his caput like a heavy burden of work waiting to be done. The elan at the terminal of ‘lout’ indicates and ongoing list of people who live off their ‘wits’ without really making anything. The repeat of ‘lots of folk’ suggests how there are so many people who don’t have a frog shadowing their life and yet go on to populate. They live up ‘lanes’ which are non glamourous countries. they scavenge and eat the cheapest. long permanent nutrient s available such as ‘tinned sardines’ . The elan indicates the eternal list of their cost decrease techniques which they seem to bask so non mind holding to give so much in their lives. Furthermore. they can non afford to purchase their kids places. their married womans are every bit scraggy as greyhounds. likely from malnutrition but however. no 1 starves. Larkin’s usage of strong vocabulary such as ‘windfalls’ . ‘nippers’ and ‘whippets’ suggests how he is accustomed with the street idiom. The usage of rough linguistic communication suggests the abrasiveness of life on these streets. The word ‘starves’ between two underlines adds accent and that people go hungry but no 1 goes through famishment. Larkin besides does non conceal the thought that his difficult work goes to pensionaries. The thought of shouting ‘stuff your pension! ’ is a instead disrespectful idea towards aged people. enhanced by the exclaiming Markss. However. Larkin uses a quotation mark from Shakespearian literature. ‘the material that dreams are made on’ from the Tempest. Act 4. Scene 1 spoken as portion of Prospero’s ‘resignation speech’ refers to a scenario can merely be fantasised and wished. â€Å"Stuff† refers to the stuffs that go into making an semblance. non to the object of a wish. Regardless of his complains. Larkin understands and knows that something ‘toad-like’ exists in him every bit good and ‘squatsâ₠¬â„¢ within himself. Larkin’s drama on the initial rhyme of ‘h’ suggests the sound of heave and weightiness. The frog in him will neer let him to ‘blag’ his manner through acquiring all the things he wants in life. He is neer traveling to be able to agitate off work because of this frog in him that drives him to go on making everyday undertakings every twenty-four hours. He knows he will be invariably discontent and disgruntled with his life. With one frog sitting on his life and the other sitting inside him. Larkin states that the ‘spiritual’ truth of either truth is embodied by the other and that it is ‘hard to lose either. when you have both. ’ In Larkin’s instance. it was non merely hard to pull off both frogs but it was impossible to go on without them and Larkin would non hold been Larkin without his frogs. ‘Toads’ involves nine four line stanzas with an ABAB half rhyme strategy with an occasional true rime giving the verse form an consequence of limited construction yet uncertainness running through it. ‘Toads Revisited’ besides involves 9 stanzas with 4 lines each and uses half rimes on occasion uses a complete rime. It besides has a different rime strategy in comparing to ‘Toads’ . it is AABB alternatively of ABAB. In ‘Toads Revisited’ . Larkin would believe that being able to walk freely round this park would experience much bet ter than sitting at his desk. ‘The lake. the sunlight. the grass to lie on’ . a power of three is used to heighten the relaxing ambiance that nature brings to Larkin. The alliterative consequence of ‘b’ in ‘Blurred†¦Beyond black-stockinged’ suggests the consequence that barricading noise from the milieus have. He begins to detect life around him and he thinks it is ‘not a bad topographic point to be’ but it still doesn’t ‘suit’ him. Larkin can non conceive of being one of those ‘men’ who are old. ‘hare-eyed clerks’ with unstable occupations. ‘jitters’ who are alkies. drug nuts or war-wounded people. He can non believe of being one of those ‘waxed-fleshed’ people whose lesions are still ‘vague’ and hold merely left infirmary or being a individual in a ‘long coat’ . frequently tramps or tramps who walk around scavenging for nutrient. He believes they are all jumping their portion of the frog crouching on their lives by ‘being stupid or weak’ . In ‘Toads’ . Larkin listed the people who might be non-workers and here. he reflects his aggravation by constructing up a list or the type of people in the park at this clip. Able people should be at work ; they have no ground to be walking about in a park. ‘Think of being them! ’ suggests how Larkin views their life much easier in comparing to his and he tells us to conceive of life as them. However. he contradicts this by saying ‘Hearing the hours chime’ . utilizing initial rhyme of ‘h’ which highlights the ennui and sophistication in th eir lives. It is similar clip merely goes on and on and all the people walking around the park. who are non economically active. delay for the hours to travel by. Small events such as the ‘bread [ being ] delivered’ and the ‘children traveling home’ are used as clip markers which these people use to state what portion of the twenty-four hours it is. Each twenty-four hours as the hours pass. they wait for the following tie marker to get and transport on with a life where they do nil. The Sun being covered by ‘clouds’ produces a soft alliterative consequence combined with vowel rhyme which portrays how slowly clip base on ballss. It passes slow plenty for these people to watch the clouds base on balls the Sun and cover it with clouds. The repeat of ‘Think of being them’ suggests how Larkin really feels commiseration towards these people. A really Larkin sentence is incorporated in the 7th paragraph. ‘turning over their failures’ by a common garden bed of ‘lobelias’ . common flowers. In this stanza. Larkin reflects a intimation of solitariness ; ‘nowhere to travel but indoors’ and ‘no friends but empty chairs’ where apposition is used in a blue. alone mode to stand for the purdah that Larkin may hold been sing. Nonetheless. Larkin truly valued the minutes of his calling which he describes in the 8th stanza. He enjoyed being asked for things and enjoyed the company of his ‘loaf-haire d’ secretary. The dashs between the words ‘shall-I-keep-the-call-in-Sir’ illustrate repeat and is possibly something Larkin heard about every twenty-four hours. Regardless of how annoying it may hold been at the clip. he still prefers to be in the place he presently is in instead than be one of the people in the park. In the last stanza. Larkin references ‘lights come on at four’ which indicates the clip of the twelvemonth when the visible radiation have to be switched on by four in the afternoon. It begins to acquire darker earlier and this possibly symbolises how close decease is going. The thought of Larkin inquiring the frog for his ‘arm’ to tilt on to is like an old friend who is willing to assist him walk down the route. The way he is taking is down to the terminal of ‘Cemetery Road’ and basically. to decease. He understands he requires support and he realises that the frog was non all bad. Although in ‘Toads’ . the frog may hold squatted on his life but now. it was at that place to assist him through his life. Overall. Larkin’s sudden yet elusive alterations of his thoughts of work were chiefly due to these experiences. Both verse forms continue to stand for the frog as something revolting and filthy. However. in ‘Toads Revisited’’ . Larkin begins to gain that a life which involved a batch of difficult work and a frog knee bend over his life was non all bad. Without the frog in himself and the frog crouching on his life. he would hold been like the people in the park. a life style that would non hold suited him.

Online booking system for parking Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Online booking system for parking - Dissertation Example Effective utilisation of resources could be attributed to the overall success of projects and avoid instances of projects failing mid-way through. Poor project planning continues to be the greatest and common cause for project failures, in different kinds of projects. Regardless of the projects being undertaken, project planning always targets to ensure efficient and effective utilisation of available resources to enhance project implementation process. The project plan shall provide essential guidelines towards execution of the project. This shall involve providing information regarding resource allocation of the various resources. Through proper resource allocation, management of the resources shall become simplified to ensure successful project execution (Kerzner, 2003). Another planning element for the project shall be ensuring effective control of the allocated resources. Controlling ensures efficacy in the utilisation of the resources through eliminating wasteful resource usage during the project implementation. Through efficient controlling process, the resources allocated for the projects shall be able to complete the execution successfully and smoothly. Project planning ensures proper and efficient utilisation of the resources through control in the use of available resources. ... Most project failures remain attributed to resource wastage, which result in resource shortage, and ultimate project failure. Controlling of the movement and proper resource allocation remains a significant contributing factor towards project success. Project charter The project begins with identification of the various parking zones, which shall be included within the online booking platform. The project aims at identifying the upmarket zones with easy accessibility and whose demand for parking remains high during peak and off-peak durations. This shall be followed by an informed analysis of the available infrastructure and capacity of the identified zones. This analysis remains essential in identifying the necessary infrastructural amendments required by different zones to ensure proper functioning of the intended systems, when installed. Upmarket zones with small parking capacity can be considered for expansion to increase the parking space; hence achieve increased earnings from t he parking sales. The project targets at utilising the parking lots with high capacity hence sustainability of the project implementation. The costs incurred in installing the system shall be recovered from the sales received following ticket sales. The project has various stakeholders being directly or indirectly involved within the project implementation. The most notable stakeholders can be identified as listed below. The local government authorities, who can be identified as the main financiers or sponsors of the project The project management team selected by the local authority. This team holds the overall responsibility of ensuring proper utilisation of project resources. Vehicle owners who shall be using the parking zones where the project shall be

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Globalization - Essay Example Misunderstandings are common, and these can have serious consequences ranging from the failure of business operations to the needless suffering of individuals caught in a culture far removed from that of their birth, and even to war and destruction when nations fail to come to a workable understanding of each other’s aspirations. This paper examines two ways in which communication theory and cultural studies can be helpful in preventing cross-cultural miscommunication. The first is the discipline’s potential to clarify and explain the role of ritual in human interactions, and this is explored using the example of health services which have to operate in one particular culture, but deal with clients from multiple different cultures. The second is the process that can be called â€Å"clarification of values† which underpins intercultural understanding, and this is explored using example of business relations between China and the Western world which includes Europe and America. The paper aims therefore to demonstrate on a small and then on a larger scale, the value of two aspects of communication theory and cultural studies in the modern world. ... Such extreme distinctions underpinned ideologies like colonialism and slavery which privileged white, western ideas above other types of culture. In the twentieth century, studies such as those of Adorno and Horkheimer observed the cataclysmic world wars, the horrors of Fascism, and the rise of capitalist consumerism and rightly concluded that Western culture was capable of untold atrocities. This brought into question all the former assumptions about the superiority of Western elitist cultural assumptions. They concluded that the alliance of financial interests with cultural expression had resulted in a commodification of culture into what amounts to an industry. The effects of this were seen as negative, dragging culture down into a lowest common denominator and marketing it to make money: â€Å"The result is the circle of manipulation and retroactive need in which the unity of the system grows ever stronger.† (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1999, p. 33) In a way this line of thinki ng can be seen as reaction against the elitist view of culture that had prevailed in the previous century. More recent cultural theorists have formulated a more positive view of culture, seeing it as a multi-faceted quality of human behaviour that is far from unified, and holds the promise of continued development and renewal due to the interaction of many different cultures. The work of bel hooks, for example, redefines the complacent elitism of dominant beliefs in America at the time of the civil rights movement as â€Å"white supremacist capitalist patriarchy† (hooks, 1999, p. 235) and promotes the ideal of â€Å"cultural diversity† (hooks, 1999, p. 239) which instead of supporting dominant

Data Protection Act 1998

Data Protection Act 1998 Abstract The focus of this report is to explain the requirements imposes of Data Protection Act 1998. The 1998 act affects to all people who uses information or data about other individuals Business. The DPA 1998 covers from the initial collection of data through its final deletion or destruction. The main term used in the IT industry is Data Processing which is extremely wide and it can be either usage of data, alteration of data, retrieval, data transmission or destruction of data. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Data Protection Act 1998 is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament [1] which came into force early in 1999 and replaced the Data Protection Act 1984. The Act defines law on the processing data of living people. It is one of the main laws of legislation that governs the protection of personal data. Under this act, those who manage or use personal information have to follow rules or principles that are defined in the DPA. It also provides rights to individuals over their personal information. Some of the individual rights under DPA include access, compensation and the prevention of processing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The basic principle of DPA is protecting privacy and a way in which each individual can control information about them. Also it defines a way in which organisations should carry their marketing strategy, through any communication media. Most of the act does not apply to domestic use, for example keeping personal address book. Well, if anyone holds personal data for other purpose he should follow this Act. The DPA also ensures that the data controller or the computer bureau will be liable for processing operation against the DPA Principles. The History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Data Protection Act 1984 was introduced in UK legislation to provide special protection to individuals. The Act was adopted by the European Parliament after a lengthy discussion sessions. They adopted a proposal for a directive on the processing of personal data and on the transfer of such data. Certain protections where given in scenario where the personal information relating to them was handled, such as large business organisations and in emerging information technology. Data given from one party to another party may only be used for the specific purpose it was disclosed for. The data should be only kept for a limited period of time and must not be disclosed to other party without the authorisation of data owner. The term Processing and Personal data had a great impact in transformation during the DPA 1984. The Personal data covers both the data in electronic and manual form. And the term Processing became wide in such a way that nothing could b e carried out in relation to personal data under this definition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Data Protection Registrar was the regulatory authority who oversees the implementation and functionality of the act. Later it was followed up by the Data Protection Act 1998, which is an implementation of European Union Directive 95/46/EC. In DPA 1998 it renamed the Data Protection Registrar to Data Protection Commissioner. The functionality of Data Protection Commissioner is to ensure the compliance by publics by taking the necessity steps. The current Information Commissioner is Richard Thomas, he has the authority to inform parliament directly. The other function of commissioner is to provide guidance, promote good practice which falls under the Act. It also provides helpline services by phone or written request. The commissioner also acts like a legal adviser to the data controllers and has developed issued many documents for the data controller for implementing and interpretation of their duties. Some of the documents include: Code of Practice for CCTV users; Code of Practice on Employment Practices, which include codes on Recruitment and Selection; Records Management; Monitoring at Work and Medical Information about the employees. Code of Practice on Telecommunications Directory Information and Fair Processing. The Principles of DPA 1998   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The DPA 1998 contains eight data protection principles in relation to the processing of personal data. They are Personal data should be processed fairly and lawfully. Personal data should only be obtained for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and it should not be further processed in any manner incompatible with these purposes. Personal data should be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purposes for which they were collected or processed. Personal data should be accurate and where necessary kept up to date. Personal data should not be kept longer than is needed for its intended purpose. Personal data should be processed in accordance with the rights of the individual which the information concerns. Appropriate technical measures should be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing or destruction of personal data and against accidental loss or destructionor damage to personal data. Personal data should not be transferred outside the European Economic Area unless that country ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data. The First Data Protection Principle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first data protection principle says that Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully and, in particular, shall not be processed unless At least one of the conditions in Schedule 2 is met, and In the case of sensitive personal data, at least one of the conditions in Schedule 3 is also met.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first principle, by fairly and lawfully it means that any processing of personal data must be allowed by common law. Fair processing states that any all the processing must be fair without any misleading. The processing should be carried out without any deception. The important point of view of the first principle is obtaining and disclosing personal data, which covers the whole life cycle of personal data used by the data controller. The data controller should have legitimate reasons for collecting and processing the personal data and should not use the data in such a way that have unjustified adverse effects on the individual concerned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lawful processing also defines that the data subjects should be provided with information during the time of collecting the data, on why and how their data are being processed. This information is provided in the Fair Processing Notice. The notice should include the basic information given below: The identity of the data controller who process the personal data. The purposes for which the personal data are intended to be processed. To whom the personal data may be disclosed to, for example, a government department or agency. And any further information regarding the processing, to ensure the subject, that the data controller does not do anything unlawful with the data. Conditions to be Satisfied for Fair Processing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to the Fair Processing Notice, there are some more conditions that should be met. The conditions are listed in Schedule 2 of the Act. There are six conditions for processing personal data in Schedule 2; the personal data should not be processed unless one of the conditions is met. Schedule 2 conditions The data subject has given his consent for processing. If it is for performing or entering a contract with the data subject. The data controller is under a legal obligation, other than under contract For the purpose of protecting the vital interest of the data subject. It is for the administration of justice, exercising functions under an enactment, exercising of government functions, or the exercise of any other functions of a public nature in the public interest It is for the pursuit of the legitimate interests of the data controller. In the case of sensitive personal data, one of the conditions in Schedule 2 and Schedule 3 must also be met for Fair Processing. Schedule 3 Conditions explicit consent has been given by the data subject it is for the exercise of rights or obligations in connection with employment it is to protect the vital interests of the data subject or anyone else it is part of the legitimate activity of a not for profit organisation the personal data have already been made public by the data subject it forms part of legal proceedings, including obtaining legal advice, and exercising or defending legal rights it is for the administration of justice, or exercising functions under an enactment, or exercising of government functions it is for medical purposes it is for the purpose of monitoring equality of opportunity The Second Data Protection Principle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Second Principle Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes, explains the requirement for specifying the purpose for which it obtains the personal data. It also means that, the organisation who obtains the personal data should clearly specify the reason to the ICO, why they are collecting and what they intend to do with the personal data. The organisation should also notify the process to the Information Commissioner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The data controller can send privacy notices regarding the process to make it more effective. Privacy notices are generally given at the time of collecting personal data. Data controller should also need to get prior consent to use or disclose the personal data for the purpose other than he originally obtained for. The Third Data Protection Principle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third principle of the Data Protection Act states three conditions or requirements to the data controller. The data controller should not obtain any more personal data than they need for the processing nor they should discard any personal data. The data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive. Also the data controller is not authorised to process whatever information he likes about the individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third principle also states that the data controller should identify the minimum required information on each individual to fulfil their purpose. Only in certain cases he can hold additional information about certain individuals for the processing. A simple example for this is a surgeon before performing a surgery he should know about the patient medical conditions, such as his medical history, his habits (like drinking, smoking etc), information from medical checkups. If the patient has to undergo a major heart operation, the surgeon will also look upon patient family members medical history also. If the parents have asthma, blood pressure, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In organisation the same process is taking place in a different manner during the recruitment process. The employees are asked same in depth question regarding their personal information. The third principle is strongly linked to the first principle. Processing of personal data which is inadequate, irrelevant or excessive is unfair to the data subject. The first principle requires fairness in processing. The excessive information can be something that the organisation keeps for certain conditions, like in a manufacturing factory they will keep the blood group of their entire employee who works in a hazardous environment and this information is needed only in case of accidents. Such information are likely to be irrelevant and excessive for the rest of the employees. The Fourth Data Protection Principle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Act says that Personal data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date. Once the data controller overcomes the first and second principles of DPA, the next main fact to consider is the data quality, in which accuracy plays the main role. There are two obligations in the fourth principle that should be taken care off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, the data should be accurate. The data controller should take necessary steps to ensure the accuracy of data in regard to the purpose for which it is collected and further processed. Incomplete information will be inaccurate if it misleads. Even though if the actual given data happens to be true, there will be a misleading if the two data subjects are identical. In such cases more information will be needed to keep it more accurate for the data controller to identify. If the data controller makes decision on the result of inaccurate processed data, then he will be breaking the first data protection principle which indicates the strong link between accuracy and fairness in data processing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, the data controller should also see that the personal data are kept up-to-date. This condition depends upon the case where personal data are subjected to repeated use for a long period of time. In such cases data controller has to take more review on personal data. If the data subject notifies the data controller that the data is inaccurate, then he should ensure the changes are made to the data to keep it up-to-date.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If a data subject suspects that the information held about him is inaccurate, he will have to see the personal data which the data controller holds. The data subject can make an access request under section 7, for accessing a copy of his personal data held by the data controller. If the court is satisfied with the data subject, then the court may order the data controller to rectify, block, erase, or destroy the personal data. If the processing had caused damage to the data subject then the court will order to give compensation. The Fifth Data Protection Principle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Fifth Act says that Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes. The data controller should review, for how long the personal data is retained. He shall also retain the data for performing purpose other than the original purpose for which it was obtained. The main element of the fifth principle is to show the reason for which the personal data is held. If the data controller fails to show a sufficient reason for holding the data then, he should get rid of the data.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the personal data is kept for a long time there is a chance that the information will go out of date causing error. It also becomes difficult to ensure that the information is accurate. Even if the information is no more needed, the data controller should make sure that it is held securely. Reviewing personal data regularly and deleting those no longer needed is a good practice. The data that should be retained must be archived or put offline.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The personal data are retained only in certain scenarios depending upon the current and future scope of the information. Major concerned things for retaining data are the cost, liability and risks for retaining the personal information. The Sixth Data Protection Principle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sixth DPA principle says that Personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects under this Act [9]. The sixth principle gives rights to the individual in respect of personal data the organisation hold about them. Under this principle certain rights for individual are mentioned they are: Access to personal data. Preventing process likely to cause damage or distress. Prevent direct marketing. Automated decision making. Correcting inaccurate personal data. Compensation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Access to personal data is commonly referred to as subject access. It is created by section 7 of the DPA. This is mostly used by data subjects who want to see the copy of personal data which the organisation holds about them. The data subjects are entitled only to their own data. By giving a written request an individual is entitled to know whether any personal data is being processed. The organisation should also inform him the reasons it is being processed and whether it will be given to any other organisation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second right says that the data subject can demand the organisation to stop the processing if it causes damage or distress to the data subject. The individual can write an objection stating the damage or distress faced by them to the data controller. This is called Objection to processing. The objection should clearly specify the effect of processing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example, consider the scenario where a person is refused a job in an manufacturing company because the company came to know from a third party that the man is unsuitable for job because he was one among the trade union activists. The third party will be having a blacklist containing names of people who are unsuitable to be employed in a manufacturing company. The suffering person can write to the data controller who maintains the blacklist and ask him to remove his name from the list. He can show that he is suffering damage and distress because of this processing. In this case the data controller should cease processing the persons information and respond to his mail within 21 days.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The data subjects also have the right to prevent their data being processed for Direct Marketing. They can give an objection to processing to halt the usage of their data for direct marketing. Direct marketing includes junk mails that are not addressed to a particular person but to the occupier. For example, mails posted through every letter box in a street, like leaflets, shop advertisements, etc. The direct marketing does not just refer to selling items to customers but also includes promotions and campaigns. The data subject may ask the organisation to delete these details from database. But it is preferable to suppress the personal data. Suppressing involves just retaining only enough information about the customers. It also ensures that the organisation not sends marketing to people who have asked not to and helps retaining individual information in the database.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data subjects also have the right to inform the data controller, not to make automated decision using their personal data and can ask to reconsider the decision taken by automated means. The data controller should inform the data subject when such a situation is taken. These types of decision are taken without any human intervention. For example, consider a person who transfers his cash from one account to other and the transfer gets declined automatically. This might have happened because the individuals information did not match the pre-defined criteria in the automated system. He may undertake manual process to do the transfer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the fourth principle the data should be accurate. If the data is inaccurate, the data subject has the right to apply the court for releasing an order to block, rectify, erase or destroy the inaccurate information. The court may investigate whether this statement is true or not. If the individual has suffered from damage or distress then he will be awarded compensation. The Seventh Data Protection Principle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The seventh DPA ensures the security of personal data undergoing process. The principle says that Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data. This principle is often called security principle. The data controller should take proper care of data which he holds not accidentally or deliberately compromise. He should also need to design and organise the security to fit to the process. Also make sure about the person in his organisation that is responsible for the data information security. The data controller should adopt appropriate measures against Unauthorised processing of personal data. Unlawful processing of personal data. Accidental destruction, damage or loss to personal data.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technical measures/security includes the use of passwords and other authentication techniques, encryption and anti-virus software to detect malwares. . He should also ensure to keep up to date with the development of security technologies, make sure that well trained and reliable staffs with robust physical and technical security are used. As a part of notification process the data controller should describe the Information Commissioner about the security arrangements made in the organisation to keep the personal data. The Eight Data Protection Principle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eighth DPA says that Personal data shall not be transferred to a country or territory outside the EEA unless that country or territory ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data. The data controller requires informing individuals about the disclosure of their personal data to other overseas parties. Before making the data transfer to a third party, the data controller should consider whether he can achieve his aims without processing the original data and there should be some substantive processing conducted on the personal data in the third country. The condition will not apply in the case where it is not possible to identify individuals from the information. In this type of cases the data controller are free to transfer the information outside the EEA.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A transfer is said to have occurred when the personal data is send to other country. If the data controller puts the personal data on a website will often results in data transfer to other countries outside the EEA. The transfer occurs when someone outside the EEA access the website. The data controller should also consider the fact that a transfer occurs while putting personal data on websites and sees whether it is fair for the concerned data subject. Currently, there are no restrictions on personal data transfer to EEA countries. They are: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The European Commission will also undergo a case to case assessment of the level of protection affordable by the third country. All the circumstances surrounding the data transfer are assessed. In addition to this consideration must be also given to: The nature of personal data. How long will the proposed process last. The country of origin of personal data and the destination to which it will be transferred. The security measures and professional rules in the destination country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certain countries have been considered for having adequate protection by the European Commission. They are Argentina, Canada, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Switzerland, and Jersey. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I hope this report would have given a brief idea about the Data Protection Act 1998. This report also mentions the different principles concerned with DPA, the way that a data controller should follow for lawful and fairness processing. Proper care should be taken while handling personal data, still cyber threats are done by accruing the mobile numbers of individuals and pinpointing them by identifying the co-ordinates of the SIM location. So the firms or organisation should ensure that they pay more attention to DPA for the safety and privacy of people. Annotations DPA Data Protection Act 1998 ICO Information Commissioners Office EEA European Economic Area SIM Subscriber Identification Module Card References Stewart Room, 2007, Data Protection Compliance in Context, Published by CAPDM. City Of London, Data Protection Act, Available at: http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Council_and_democracy/Data_protection_and_freedom_of_information/Data_protection_act.htm Accessed on [Jan 10,2010] Wikipedia, Data Protection Act 1998, Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Act_1998 Accessed on [Jan15,2010] Piers Leigh-Pollitt James Mullock, 1999, The Data Protection Act Explained, Second Edition 2000,Publlished by Osborne Clarke. Lancaster University Data Protection Project, 2001, the Data Protection Principle. Available at: http://www.dpa.lancs.ac.uk/principles.htm Accessed on [Jan16, 2010]. ICO, Processing personal data for specified purposes (Principle 2), Available at : http://www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection_guide/principle_2_processing_personal_data_for_specified_purposes.aspx Accessed on [Jan 24,2010] ICO, Keeping personal data accurate and up to date (Principle 4)Available at : http://www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection_guide/principles_3_to_5_information_standards/keeping_personal_information_accurate_and_up_to_date.aspx . Accessed on [Jan 24,2010] ICO, Retaining personal data (Principle 5).Available at: http://www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection_guide/principles_3_to_5_information_standards/retaining_personal_data.aspx . Accessed on [Jan 24,2010] ICO, The rights of individuals (Principle 6).)Available at: http://www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection_guide/principle_6_the_rights_of_individuals.aspx . Accessed on [Jan 26,2010] ICO, Information security (Principle 7).Available at: http://www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection_guide/principle_7_information_security.aspx . Accessed on [Jan 26,2010] ICO, Sending personal data outside the European Economic Area (Principle 8).Available at: http://www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection_guide/principle_8_sending_personal_data_outside_the_eea.aspx . Accessed on [Jan 26,2010] Peter Carey,2004, Data Protection Handbook, Published by Law Society.

How does Golding present his characters in the opening chapter? Essay

Ralph is the first character to be introduced; he is introduced as being ‘the boy with fair hair’. Here Golding has played with the idea of Hitlers ideal, fair hair, blue eyes, etc. to show that Ralph has a seemingly perfect physique. His fair hair also shows that Ralph is a seemingly good character, because the idea of his hair being light in color contrasts any boy who has dark hair. This is a very conventional way of representing characters which is used due to the time in which Golding was writing; nowadays writers would try to stray away from this idea. One of the first actions which Ralph performs is to pull up his socks; this symbolizes the idea that he still retains the rules and regulations of being in a school environment. When Piggy places his trust in Ralph, Ralph uses this to gain the respect and friendship of Jack. This suggests, along with him being voted as chief and the way he handles Piggy when he confronts him about his nickname, that he is the politician of the group. Ralph is quite immature in the way he expresses joy, standing on his head, which suggests that he is not the most adequate leader. He is also not as intelligent as Piggy and without Piggys help with the Conch he could have never become Chief. Piggy is introduced as ‘it’ then the ‘voice’ and then ‘fat boy’. His physical body is also unattractive he is the fat boy or ‘Fatty’. He is introduced this way so that we immediately dislike him, and take the side of the other boys who bully him. Later on in the chapter we realize Piggys importance, he is always right, so when Ralph suggests they will be rescued soon and Piggy believes that they won’t, we know that they will not be rescued soon. Although we know that the ridiculing of Piggy is a natural thing for boys to do we still blame the boys for doing it as we believe we would not do the same. When Piggy meets with Ralph Piggy immediately offers Ralph friendship by asking his name, but Ralph rejects Piggy because of his appearance, as we would expect. But Piggy continues to place trust in Ralph as he does not want to be the social misfit which he is used to being, as suggested by his continual mentioning of his Auntie which suggests a sheltered home life. He places his trust in Ralph by firstly telling him his nick name and secondly by exposing himself to Ralph. As revenge Piggy does all that he can, he with holds his vote for Ralph for a short period when the vote for chief is occurring. This expresses his anger. Piggy asks everybody’s name as it gives him some security and allows him to enter a social group, but only the younger children tell him their names as they do not see him with the same prejudice and so look up to him as a ‘bigger boy’. But when Jack arrives Piggy is intimidated, because of Jack’s appearance and authority. He shows this by cowering behind Ralph, which also expresses his respect and trust in Ralph. Jack is introduced as â€Å"the boy who controlled them†. Jack looks smart and impressive and so Ralph wants to become his friend. When Jack informs us of his name he tells the group that he wishes to be called Merridew. This is because this is the name which he has been called at school and been held in high regard allowing him to have authority, but what he does not yet realize is that his ‘title’ means nothing now. Ralph on the other hand is happy with his identity and so doesn’t mind being called Ralph. Jack is a stereotypical bully which explains why Ralph is intimidated by him. He shouts, orders, and is usually aggressive. Jack is used to being in control and so when he joins the group he automatically tries to take control. However when it comes to the vote, only the people in the choir who still respect his authority, unwillingly vote for him. When Ralph is voted to be chief, Jack is mortified, but Ralph realizes that Jack could be a powerful ally and so consoles him by offering the title of Hunter. This gives Jack some authority outside of the choir and gives him the chance to undermine everything which Ralph says.

Building Quadcopter Software from Scratch – Theory

Microelectronic (either some Ordains compatible board, Teensy, or any us that will suit your needs) TX system (more on the cheap side, you could use Turning xx or Turning car with a achiever that supports PUMP output) – more on that later Step 2. Sensors Its time for you to learn what accelerometer and gyroscope actually do. (yes really) accelerometer – measures g-force, its great to determinate pitch and roll angles, however accelerometers are acceptable to vibrations and shock Graph displaying accelerometer angle (shaking in hand) gyroscope – gyroscope measures acceleration rate (which is perfect for quadruplets), gyroscopes aren't affected by vibrations however gyroscopes tend to drift over time (more on this later) Graph displaying gyroscope angle drifting over timeFrom the block diagram on top, you could probably have guessed that getting reliable data from those 2 sensors won't be so easy, but worry not. Step 3. : Kinematics Part where all the sensor  "magic† happen, I will only cover complementary filter here (as it is the one that I am using and its the most simple one to implement in code / also rather simple to explain). Right now we have raw gyroscope data and raw accelerometer data on our hand, but neither one of these sensor outputs give us â€Å"accurate enough† estimate to be used in our stabilization algorithm.What we will do, is combine cell and gyro outputs via complementary filter. Output from our kinematics will feature a strongly suppressed noise from accelerometer and also gyro step 4. : First PIED First PIED controller, from the diagram on top you can see that our first PIED controller will take output from our pilot as â€Å"setting† and kinematics (containing current estimation of yaw, pitch and roll angles) as input. Output from our first PIED controller will contain = angle desired by pilot +- current kinematics angle, this acts like an â€Å"accelerate† for second PIED.In this case â€Å"accelerate† meaner, that value from our first PIED controller will determinate how â€Å"fast† do we want to correct for the current stabilization error. Step 5. : second PIED Second PIED controller takes the â€Å"accelerate† from first PIED as â€Å"setting† and current gyroscope output (gyro Rate) as input. Resulting output from second PIED controller is the decimal value representing force that has to be applied to each of the axis to correct for the stabilization error. In our case this force is generated by spinning propellers, which size we can control by adjusting speed of the rotating props.

Women and Rebellion in Graphic Novels - 1478 Words

Though graphic novels are not recognized as literature by many literary critics, they have the distinction of communicating with pictures in a way that may not be possible with words alone. Themes that would be lost if they were merely sentences on a page are highlighted when set to a graphic novel’s illustration, and graphic novels can connect deeply with the reader through images of war and suffering, such as in the graphic novels Persepolis and Fables. Marjane Satrapi’s autobiography Persepolis takes place in Tehran, Iran during and after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, during which the people of Iran overthrew Mohammad Reza Pah-lavi, known simply as â€Å"the Shah.† The Islamic Regime was founded in its wake, and Marjane spent her early†¦show more content†¦She asserts her independence not with loud demonstrations, but with quiet and inconspicuous dress code violations. Satrapi explains her reasoning on page 302: The regime understood that one person leaving her house while [worrying about her wardrobe] no longer asks herself [about policies or human rights]. It’s only natural! Our fear paralyzes us.†¦ [It] has always been the driving force behind all dictators’ repression. Showing your hair and putting on makeup logically became acts of rebellion (panels 6-8). Rebelling against the government is important to Marjane because of her family history and her heritage. When she is young, Marjane’s father tells her grandfather was a Prince of Persia whose father was pushed out by the Shah’s father. Marjane’s grandfather then became a Communist and a rebel who was repeatedly thrown in jail for â€Å"defending some innocents† (291, panel 6). Later on, after the Revolution but before the formation of the Republic, Marjane meets her Uncle Anoosh, a former political prisoner and Communist . â€Å"Our family history must not be lost,† he tells her. â€Å"Even if it’s not easy for you, even if you don’t understand it all† (60, panel 7). He is soon arrested and executed by the Islamic Republic, but not before he waters the seed of rebellion in Marjane. This example of rebellion contrasts with Snow White’s tight grip on the authority she up-holds. She sees the Fabletown government as a fragile thing, explaining her thinkingShow MoreRelatedIslamic Revolution And The Iranian Revolution1433 Words   |  6 Pagessubject of the Iranian revolution in a graphic novel since this has been a subject of concern by different researchers but most of whom have not really covered any result in the graphic novel. 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Throughout the book, the reader begins to see how children become involved in expressing their opinions. In Marjane Satrapis graphic novel Persepolis, the author explores Marjanes development from